Collection of the jewelry of Princess Neferuptah National Museum of Civilization museum Cairo Egypt

The National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC) in Cairo stands as a monumental testament to Egypt's rich history and cultural heritage. Opened officially on April 3, 2021, this museum is the first of its kind in Egypt and the Arab world, showcasing a vast collection of artifacts that span from prehistoric times to modernity. Among its treasures is the exquisite collection of jewelry belonging to Princess Neferuptah, a significant figure from ancient Egyptian history. This article explores the historical context, significance, and artistic value of Princess Neferuptah's jewelry within the broader narrative of Egyptian civilization.

The NMEC is strategically located in Old Cairo and occupies an impressive area of 490,000 square meters. It is designed to present the continuity and evolution of Egyptian civilization through various thematic and chronological exhibitions. The museum houses approximately 50,000 artifacts, including royal mummies, textiles, ceramics, and jewelry, which collectively narrate Egypt's historical journey.

The architectural design of NMEC reflects modern aesthetics while paying homage to Egypt's ancient heritage. Its layout encourages visitors to engage with the exhibits interactively, enhancing their understanding of the artifacts' historical context. The museum’s galleries are organized thematically—covering aspects such as material culture, beliefs, and significant periods in Egyptian history.

Princess Neferuptah was a daughter of Pharaoh Amenemhat III during the 18th Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (circa 2010-1640 BC, 11th-13th Dynasties). This era is often regarded as a high point in ancient Egyptian civilization, marked by extensive architectural achievements and artistic flourishing. Neferuptah's life and her jewelry provide insights into the royal family's wealth, status, and cultural practices during this golden age.

Neferuptah is often associated with her mother, Queen Tiye, who was one of the most powerful women in ancient Egypt. The prominence of women in royal lineage during this period is noteworthy, as it highlights their influence in political and social spheres. Jewelry from this era not only served decorative purposes but also symbolized wealth and divine protection.

The jewelry collection attributed to Princess Neferuptah is characterized by its intricate designs and use of precious materials such as gold, lapis lazuli, turquoise, and carnelian. Each piece reflects advanced craftsmanship techniques that were prevalent during her time found in Hawara in Fayoum.

The artisanship behind Neferuptah’s jewelry exemplifies the high level of skill possessed by ancient Egyptian jewelers. 

Techniques such as granulation (a method of decorating metal surfaces with tiny spheres), cloisonné (filling compartments with colored enamel), and intricate engraving were commonly used. 

These methods not only enhanced the visual appeal but also imbued each piece with cultural symbolism.

Jewelry in ancient Egypt was more than mere adornment; it played a vital role in religious rituals and was believed to possess protective qualities. For instance, many pieces were designed to ward off evil spirits or attract blessings from deities. The jewelry worn by princesses like Neferuptah would have been especially significant during ceremonial occasions or public appearances.

At NMEC, Princess Neferuptah's jewelry is displayed within a dedicated section that contextualizes these artifacts within her life and times. The exhibition employs modern technology to enhance visitor engagement—interactive displays allow guests to explore the significance of each piece through multimedia presentations.

Neferuptah Beauty of Ptah daughter of the Egyptian king Amenemhat III

Neferuptah is one of the first royal women whose name was written inside a cartouche. Although she never had the title 'king's wife', she must have had a special status; it is possible she was regarded as a future ruler.

A burial for her was prepared in the tomb of her father at Hawara. However, she was not buried there, but in a small pyramid at Hawara. Her tomb was found intact by an Egyptian team under Nagib Farag and Zaky Iskander in 1956 which was located about 2 kilometres from the pyramid of her father and still contained her jewellery, a granite sarcophagus, three silver vases and other objects. 

The granite sarcophagus was inscribed with a short offering formula. Inside the sarcophagus were found the decayed remains of two wooden coffins. The outer one was decorated with inscribed gold foil.

CHEST NECKLACE OF THE EGYPTIAN PRINCESS NEFEROUPTAH : 

The necklace of Princess Neferouptah of the XII Dynasty Currently at the British Museum, was found in the unscathed tomb of Princess Nefarouptah, one of the daughters of Amenemhat III. The tomb was located in Hawara (Egypt) under a tomb - in ruins brick pyramid dated around 1814 A. C. two miles southeast of her father.

These wing-shaped chests or half-moon were called Menat and Usej, it was used as a protector of the soul. They are made up of rows of cornalina pins and semiprecious stones, strung with golden threads.

At the ends is the head of the Horus Falcon, which expresses the shape and character of protective wings those collars had.

They were shown on their neck, with a sense of guidance or safeguarding of the soul, symbolizing a "wall or base," that held the head and protected the chest of those who were wearing it.

Hawara Pyramid A Journey into Ancient Egypt's Past

Hawara Pyramid: An Amazing Trip in Fayoum

Welcome to Fayoum Travel Guide, your ultimate resource for exploring the wonders of Fayoum, Egypt. Today, we're diving deep into one of the most intriguing and historically rich sites in this region: the Hawara Pyramid. 

Hawara Pyramid located about 9 kilometers southeast of the ancient city of Crocodilopolis (modern-day Medinet el-Fayum), the Hawara Pyramid stands as a testament to the ingenuity and grandeur of ancient Egyptian civilization. This blog post will guide you through the fascinating history and significance of the Hawara Pyramid, offering insights into why this destination should be at the top of your travel itinerary.

The Historical Significance of Hawara Pyramid

The Builder: Amenemhat III

The Hawara Pyramid was constructed during the reign of Pharaoh Amenemhat III of the 12th Dynasty, around 1850 BCE. Amenemhat III, one of the most influential rulers of the Middle Kingdom, is known for his ambitious building projects and administrative reforms. His reign marked a period of prosperity and stability, during which he commissioned the construction of this pyramid as his final resting place.

The Pyramid Structure

The Hawara Pyramid originally stood at a height of 58 meters, with a base length of 105 meters on each side. Unlike the more famous pyramids of Giza, which were built primarily of limestone, the core of the Hawara Pyramid was constructed using mudbrick. This choice of material has contributed to its current state of disrepair, but it also offers valuable insights into the construction techniques and materials used during the Middle Kingdom.

The Labyrinth

Labyrinth .. One of the most remarkable features of the Hawara Pyramid complex was the so-called "Labyrinth." Ancient historians such as Herodotus and Strabo described this structure as an architectural marvel, with countless chambers and passages. The Labyrinth was believed to serve both as a mortuary temple and as a place for various religious and administrative functions. Although much of it is now lost to time, ongoing archaeological efforts continue to reveal its mysteries.

Exploring the Hawara Pyramid

Getting There

Fayoum is conveniently located about 100 kilometers southwest of Cairo, making it an accessible day trip from Egypt's bustling capital. To visit the Hawara Pyramid, you can take a private car or join a guided tour that often includes other attractions in the Fayoum region, such as Lake Qarun and Wadi El-Rayan.

What to Expect

Upon arriving at the Hawara Pyramid site, you'll be greeted by the imposing remnants of what was once a magnificent structure. While the pyramid itself has significantly eroded over the millennia, its grandeur is still palpable. As you explore the area, you'll find fragments of the original casing stones and other artifacts that hint at the pyramid's former glory.

The Burial Chamber

One of the highlights of your visit will be the descent into the burial chamber of Amenemhat III. Although the tomb was plundered in antiquity, the architecture and design of the chamber remain impressive. The chamber was designed to thwart grave robbers, with a series of false passages and dead ends, reflecting the ancient Egyptians' reverence for the afterlife and their determination to protect the pharaoh's final resting place.

The Surrounding Area: More to Explore in Fayoum

Medinet el-Fayum (Crocodilopolis)

After exploring the Hawara Pyramid, take some time to visit the nearby ancient city of Medinet el-Fayum, historically known as Crocodilopolis. This city was dedicated to the worship of the crocodile god Sobek, and you can still find remnants of its past glory, including temple ruins and artifacts that speak to its religious and cultural significance.

Lake Qarun

Lake Qarun, one of the largest natural lakes in Egypt, is another must-visit destination in Fayoum. The lake is a haven for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts, offering stunning views and a tranquil environment. You can also enjoy a boat ride on the lake or visit the nearby Qarun Palace, an ancient hunting lodge from the Greco-Roman period.

Wadi El-Rayan

For those looking for more adventure, Wadi El-Rayan offers a unique desert experience with its stunning waterfalls and picturesque landscapes. This protected area is perfect for hiking, picnicking, and wildlife spotting, making it a great addition to your Fayoum itinerary.

Practical Tips for Your Trip

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit the Hawara Pyramid and Fayoum is during the cooler months, from October to April. During this period, the weather is more comfortable for exploring outdoor sites. 

What to Bring

When visiting the Hawara Pyramid, it's essential to wear comfortable walking shoes, as the terrain can be uneven. Bring plenty of water, sunscreen, and a hat to protect yourself from the sun. A camera or smartphone will come in handy to capture the incredible sights you'll encounter.

Local Guides

Hiring a local guide can greatly enhance your experience. Knowledgeable guides can provide detailed historical context and share stories that bring the ancient site to life. They can also help you navigate the area more efficiently and ensure you don't miss any key highlights.

The Hawara Pyramid is a hidden gem in the rich tapestry of Egypt's ancient history. Its historical significance, coupled with the allure of the surrounding Fayoum region, makes it a must-visit destination for any traveler interested in the wonders of the past. By exploring the Hawara Pyramid, you'll not only gain insight into the architectural prowess and cultural achievements of the Middle Kingdom but also experience the beauty and tranquility of Fayoum.

The Labyrinth the Colossi and the Lake Fayoum

Where was Herodotus when he saw the Colossi? The water level of Lake Moeris has varied considerably (up to 60 meters) over the last 10,000 years . 14 Using a digital elevation model (DEM), we can estimate the water level when Amenemhet III is thought to have built the Colossi and when Herodotus saw them . 

Based on the DEM, Biahmu was above water at the time of Amenemhet III and below water when Herodotus was there. But more importantly, if the Colossi were partially below water, so too was the surrounding area over a radius of more than six miles. From this distance, the pyramids in Giza are barely visible let alone a structure the size reconstructed by Petrie. If the stonework that Petrie believed was a courtyard around the figures was the base of a pyramid 120 feet tall, even that would not be large enough to be visible from that distance.

New Evidence of Advanced Prehistoric Civilizations

The Labyrinth 

The legendary Labyrinth of Hawara was brought to the attention of the Western world by Herodotus in the fifth century BC. He describes an above-ground structure that he saw, and one below-ground that he was denied access to by the Egyptians.

Moreover, they decided to preserve the memory of their names by a common memorial, and so they made a labyrinth a liJle way beyond lake Moeris and near the place called the City of Crocodiles. I have seen it myself, and indeed words cannot describe it; if one were to collect the walls and evidence of other efforts of the Greeks, the sum would not amount to the labor and cost of this labyrinth. And yet the temple at Ephesus and the one on Samos are noteworthy. Though the pyramids beggar descripPon and each one of them is a match for many great monuments built by Greeks, this maze surpasses even the pyramids. It has twelve roofed courts with doors facing each other: six face north and six south, in two conPnuous lines, all within one outer wall. There are also double sets of chambers, three thousand altogether, fiTeen hundred above and the same number under ground. We ourselves viewed those that are above ground, and speak of what we have seen, but we learned through conversaPon about the underground chambers; the EgypPan caretakers would by no means show them, as they were, they said, the burial vaults of the kings who first built this labyrinth, and of the sacred crocodiles. Thus we can only speak from hearsay of the lower chambers.